towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common

Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. Examples of artificial islands in Nigeria include Banana Island, Ikoyi, Lagos, Gracefield Island, Lekki, Lagos, The Eko Atlantic, Victoria Island, and Lagos. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60s in Nigerias economic capital. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. The next kind of management is human management [19]. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. . During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. This situation affects the fish survival and population. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. These phases include: (i) deforestation of mangrove forest (ii) consolidation of swamp with bulldozers, (iii) pumping of white sand from the sea bottom unto shore, (iv) sand filling of reclaimed land, and (v) construction activity e.g. In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. Potential environmental impact of land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. Simplicity and transparency. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. 2020 The Author(s). The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. I have this example for you. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. Probably half of The Netherlands is a reclaimed land from the sea. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. 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